ELEC4123 Electrical Design Proficiency- Power Electronics Distribution

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ELEC4123 Electrical Design Proficiency

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Power Electronics Distribution Grid Networks

Context and Objectives Microgrids can be defined as a subsystem of a larger power system. This subsystem may include a set of local generation sources and associated loads. Microgrids can be operated in grid-connected mode (GCM) when connected to a larger network or islanded mode (IM) when disconnected from the grid. In islanded mode, the microgrid can autonomously manage the local generation and demand offering a great potential to improve local energy reliability.

In this elective task, you will design a three-phase (3-ph) microgrid with two inverters as shown in Figure 1. Inverter 1 will be designed to operate as a grid-feeding inverter during the GCM operation of the microgrid and grid-forming inverter during the IM operation of the microgrid. Inverter 2 will be designed to operate as a grid feeding inverter in either GCM or IM mode. Inverter 1 should also have some form of islanding detection, to detect disconnection from the grid, which should prompt the change from grid-feeding to grid-forming.

Figure 1. Over all combined tasks overview

Detailed Description

There are 4 deliverables or levels for this task: Basic, Satisfactory, High, and Outstanding levels, with higher difficulty in later levels. The overall requirement mark that you can receive for this elective topic is based on how many levels you can complete successfully (total 10% of your assessment for the course). For instance, you have the choice to complete only one level, and if successful, a Basic mark is awarded. The more levels you complete, the higher your final requirements mark will be. But you may want to strategies for balancing your workload and not necessarily try to push your group to complete all tasks but rather focusing on the first and the second levels and do a good job on them so you can guarantee a minimum Satisfactory mark for this topic.

High Level: Grid-Forming and Grid-Feeding Inverters

Typically, a grid-forming inverter contains an inner current control loop and an outer voltage control loop. The outer voltage control loop possesses the desired grid voltage amplitude and frequency as input references. This allows the grid-forming inverter to generate the desired ac voltages. A PLL is not required for a grid-forming inverter as it is effectively setting the phase angle of the grid voltage. Whereas, a grid-feeding inverter contains an inner current control loop, an outer power control loop and a PLL. The PLL locks onto the phase and frequency of the grid voltage and ensures that the grid-feeding inverter is supplying voltages at the correct grid frequency and phase angle. The outer power control loop possesses the desired real and reactive power as input references. Note that these power references are often chosen by higher level control systems which is beyond the scope of this course. Also, note that you cannot have a grid feeding inverter in an islanded microgrid without the presence of a grid-forming inverter to set the ac grid voltage. A high-level block diagram of grid-forming system is shown in Figure 4.

Additional minimum design constraints for this system are as follows:

The grid-feeding inverter must have an inner current control loop and must have real and reactive input power references for the outer control loop.
The grid network bus must be represented by a set of sinusoidal voltage sources with an amplitude of 400 Vrms,l-1 and a frequency of between 48-52 Hz.

Figure 4. Grid-forming and Grid-Feeding Inverters block diagram.

High Level Deliverable:

A LC-filter has been used with the inverter. The same filter specifications as shown in SF feature requirement one.

1. The grid-feeding inverter can supply 5kW ± 10% and OkVAR ± lkVAR at the filter output during steady-state conditions.

2. The inverter can track a step change in the real power from 0 to 5kW with a settling time < 150 ms and a percentage overshoot of 15%.

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ELEC4123 Electrical Design Proficiency