Pharmacological Interventions

ADVANCED CARE PLANNING (ACP) ACP AND PATIENT SATISFACTION Advanced care planning is the practice which supports any adult at their stage of health, while comprehending their personal goals, values and their inclinations regarding their future clinical care. The Advanced Care Planning (ACP) when provided in a palliative care setting promotes patient and family satisfaction considering the process involves a voluntary discussion between patients, families and service providers and it promotes patient empowerment regarding their medical care (Graphic, 2015). Advanced care planning improves the end of life provided to patients considering it ensures patient reflection on the wishes, preferences, values and beliefs and hence document the wishes and prepare advanced directives if necessary (Jimenez et al., 2018). ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN ACP The decision making regarding the ACP process is subjective to ethics considering the clinical decision process and the decisions taken affects the patient, family, carer and the medical professionals. Ethical significance in the ACP process is considerably high since only implementing legal frameworks is insufficient and the medical treatments and decision making requires ethical considerations and the preferences as well as directions involved in the decision making are necessary to be implemented ("Ethics in advance care planning Advance Care Planning Australia", 2022). The ethical decision making process in ACP involves the promotion of patient autonomy and beneficence principle since the ACP process involves the implementation of patient preferences, and define on their own terms what constitutes as their health preferences and beneficence (de Vries et al., 2019). EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN ACP Palliative care can be demonstrated as specialised medical care living with chronic illnesses and engagement of multidisciplinary professionals is highly necessary in this aspect. Patients and their family members experience psychological and emotional challenges while undertaking this care (Akard, Hendricks-Ferguson & Gilmer, 2019). While providing an individual with palliative care, implementation of effective communication techniques by the healthcare professionals might facilitate patients satisfaction and prevent negative health outcomes in them. REFERENCES Akard, T. F., Hendricks-Ferguson, V. L., & Gilmer, M. J. (2019). Pediatric palliative care nursing. Ann Palliat Med, 8(Suppl 1), S39-48. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Terrah- Akard/publication/325478222_Pediatric_Palliative_Care_Nursing_e- pub_ahead_of_print/links/5babf146299bf13e604f9898/Pediatric-Palliative-Care-Nursing-e-pub-ahead-of-print.pdf de Vries, K., Banister, E., Dening, K. H., & Ochieng, B. (2019). Advance care planning for older people: The influence of ethnicity, religiosity, spirituality and health literacy. Nursing ethics, 26(7-8), 1946-1954. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0969733019833130 Ethics in advance care planning Advance Care Planning Australia. Advancecareplanning.org.au. (2022). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://www.advancecareplanning.org.au/law-and-ethics/ethics-in-advance-care-planning. Graphic, P. C. (2015). Dying in America: Improving quality and honoring individual preferences near the end of life. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285677/ Jimenez, G., Tan, W. S., Virk, A. K., Low, C. K., Car, J., & Ho, A. H. Y. (2018). Overview of systematic reviews of advance care planning: summary of evidence and global lessons. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 56(3), 436-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.016 Sawin, K. J., Montgomery, K. E., Dupree, C. Y., Haase, J. E., Phillips, C. R., & Hendricks-Ferguson, V. L. (2019). Oncology nurse managers perceptions of palliative care and end-of-life communication. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 36(3), 178- 190. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1043454219835448